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2026-10-03 00:01:09 -04:00

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# NetVM
Fleet networking layer. Every node gets a stable network identity; every
byte of automation traffic is attributable, consistent, and boring — the
way good citizens look to the rest of the internet.
## Scope
1. **Per-node egress identity** — one Warp-backed egress per chrome-box /
node, in its own network namespace. Stable egress IP per node, explicit
mapping, isolated blast radius.
2. **Tailscale fabric** — node addressing, operator SSH, human reachability.
3. **Human-handoff links** — the reachable path a human uses to complete
CAPTCHA/2FA on a live browser session (original scope, kept).
NetVM owns networking. chrome-box owns browsers and consumes network from
NetVM. email-alert owns notifications. The Account(s) hub owns identity
records. Secrets and identities are the human's — agents manage structure
and lifecycle only, never credentials.
## Why per-node egress
- **Anti-fraud, not evasion.** Providers flag IP-hopping as suspicious. A
node that always egresses from the same place looks like what it is: a
legitimate machine. Standardizing on Warp is the good-citizen move.
- **Blast-radius isolation.** One IP reputation problem affects one node,
never the fleet. Nodes deliberately do not all share one egress.
- **DevOps standardization.** Every node is provisioned the same way:
netns + WireGuard-via-Warp + topology entry. No snowflakes.
Nodes may share an egress identity deliberately (documented in NODES.md);
sharing is a designed topology choice, never an accident.
## Architecture
chrome-box profile (client X)
-> launched inside netns warp-clientX (NetVM provides the launcher)
-> wg interface (Warp WireGuard params, human-generated config)
-> Cloudflare edge, stable colo (egress IP in NODES.md)
-> internet
operator / human
-> Tailscale tailnet (100.x) (management + Waypipe handoff)
-> node tail IP
Warp runs at the network layer, so the browser needs no proxy config —
the whole namespace egresses through Warp.
### Pattern decision
Two ways to get per-node Warp egress were considered:
- **warp-cli proxy mode** (mode proxy + SOCKS5 per node): simpler, but
warp-cli talks to a single system daemon (warp-svc) — running N daemons
on one host is unverified and fights the service model.
- **WireGuard in netns (chosen)**: Warp is WireGuard under the hood. One
wg interface per node namespace, config generated once by the human
(wgcf or equivalent), no daemon, no D-Bus, fully scriptable. One
interface per chrome-box, each independently up/down-able.
Upgrade path if pool IPs prove too fluid: Cloudflare Zero Trust dedicated
egress (true static IPs, paid).
## Provisioning a node
Identity creation is the human's job; lifecycle is scriptable:
1. Human: generate the node's WireGuard config once (wgcf register +
wgcf generate, or warp-cli equivalent) and place it at
/etc/netvm/<node>.conf (root-owned, 0600). This file is a credential —
agents never create, read, or copy it.
2. sudo bin/netvm-node-up.sh <node> — creates netns warp-<node>, raises
the wg interface inside it, verifies egress, prints the result.
3. chrome-box launches the client's Chromium inside that netns.
Tear down: sudo bin/netvm-node-down.sh <node>.
## Files
- bin/netvm-verify.sh — prerequisite checks (ip, wg, netns, tailscale…).
- bin/netvm-node-up.sh <node> — bring up a node's egress.
- bin/netvm-node-down.sh <node> — tear a node's egress down.
- bin/netvm-topology.sh — print the live topology table.
- NODES.md — the registry: node -> netns -> Warp identity -> egress IP.
## Verification checklist
- [ ] netvm-verify.sh passes on the target host.
- [ ] Per-node wg interface comes up inside its netns; egress IP differs
per node (or matches the designed sharing in NODES.md).
- [ ] Egress IP per node stable over 7 days (same colo pool).
- [ ] Chromium launched in the netns reaches the internet via the node's
egress (ip netns exec warp-<node> curl ifconfig.me).
- [ ] Waypipe handoff to a node over the tailnet shows a live browser.
- [ ] One node's egress killed -> other nodes unaffected (blast radius).